India-Maldives Relations: Major & Minor Milestones

India and the Maldives share a deep and multifaceted relationship rooted in geographical proximity, cultural affinity, and shared strategic interests. Here are some major and minor milestones, in chronological order, that illustrate the evolution of this relationship:

Early Years & Foundation (Pre-1965):

• Historical & Cultural Ties (Ancient-19th Century): Predating formal relations, strong cultural and trade links existed for centuries. Buddhism spread from India, and Maldivian language and customs bear Indian influence.
• British Protectorate Period (1887-1965): Both nations were under British influence, indirectly impacting their early interactions.

Post-Independence & Strengthening Ties (1965-2000s):

• 1965: Maldives gains independence, followed swiftly by establishment of diplomatic relations with India. This marks the beginning of formal bilateral engagement.
• 1988: Operation Cactus (November 1988). This marks a watershed moment. India's swift military intervention at the Maldives' request thwarts a coup attempt, showcasing India's commitment to Maldivian security and sovereignty.
• 1990s onwards: Increasing Development Cooperation. India emerges as a crucial development partner, providing assistance in areas like healthcare, education, and infrastructure.
• 2004: Indian Ocean Tsunami. India's rapid response to the natural disaster, providing immediate aid and assistance, further strengthens the bond and highlights India's role as a "first responder" in the region.

Deepening Partnerships & Addressing Challenges (2000s - Present):

• 2008: Signing of the 'Agreement on Cooperation in Defence' This agreement formalizes defense cooperation, including training and joint exercises, reflecting shared security concerns.
• 2011: Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations begin. Although not concluded, these negotiations demonstrate the intent to deepen economic ties.
• 2014: 'India First' policy adopted by the Yameen government (2013-2018). While emphasizing close ties with India, this period also saw some strain in relations due to concerns over Chinese influence in the Maldives.
• 2018: President Solih assumes office, ushering in an era of renewed closeness with India. Solih prioritizes the 'India-First' policy, leading to a significant reset in relations.
• 2019: Multiple high-level visits between Indian PM Modi and Maldivian President Solih, signing various agreements on development assistance, connectivity, and maritime security.
• 2021: 'Greater Male Connectivity Project' inaugurated, funded by India. This landmark infrastructure project, a bridge and causeway connecting Malé to other islands, signifies India's commitment to the Maldives' development.
• Ongoing: Cooperation on Climate Change and Maritime Security. Both nations actively collaborate on regional and international platforms to address shared challenges like climate change, maritime security, and counter-terrorism.

Importance and Context:

• Security & Strategic Significance: The Maldives' location along key shipping lanes in the Indian Ocean makes the relationship strategically crucial for both nations. India views a stable and secure Maldives as vital for its own security interests.
• Development Partnership: India plays a significant role in the Maldives' socio-economic development, contributing to critical infrastructure projects and capacity building initiatives.
• Countering Chinese Influence: As China increases its footprint in the Indian Ocean Region, a strong India-Maldives partnership acts as a counterbalance, safeguarding Indian interests and ensuring regional stability.
• People-to-People Ties: The relationship is underpinned by strong historical and cultural connections, fostering people-to-people contact and mutual understanding.

The India-Maldives relationship continues to evolve, navigating complex geopolitical realities while remaining anchored in shared interests and mutual respect. Future milestones will likely involve deeper cooperation on climate change, maritime security, and sustainable development, further solidifying this crucial partnership.