India-Iraq Relations: Milestones through Time

India and Iraq share ancient civilizational ties dating back millennia, with significant cultural and economic exchanges. Here are major and minor milestones marking their modern relationship:

Early 20th Century:

• 1947: India gains independence, and Iraq recognizes India soon after. This period marks the establishment of formal diplomatic ties.

Post-Independence Era (1947-1979):

• 1952: Treaty of Friendship signed, laying the groundwork for close cooperation in various sectors.
• 1950s-1970s: India and Iraq actively participate in the Non-Aligned Movement, advocating for decolonization and a multipolar world.
• 1970s: Significant increase in trade, with Iraq becoming a major oil supplier to India.

Period of Strain (1980-2003):

• 1980-1988: Iran-Iraq War strains relations. India maintains neutrality but provides humanitarian assistance to both sides.
• 1990-1991: First Gulf War: India condemns Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, leading to a cooling of relations.
• 1990s: UN sanctions against Iraq severely impact India's oil imports and bilateral trade.

Post-Saddam Era (2003-Present):

• 2003: India opposes the US-led invasion of Iraq but later engages with the post-Saddam Hussein government.
• 2003-2011: India provides humanitarian assistance to Iraq and supports its reconstruction efforts.
• 2014: ISIS threat emerges. India evacuates thousands of its citizens from Iraq and extends support in the fight against terrorism.
• 2015: Prime Minister Modi's visit to Iraq marks the first by an Indian PM in three decades, signifying a renewed push for stronger ties.
• 2010s-Present: Increased focus on energy cooperation, with Indian companies investing in Iraqi oil fields.
• Present: Ongoing cooperation in areas like infrastructure development, capacity building, and counter-terrorism.

Importance and Context:

• Ancient Ties: The historical and cultural connections provide a strong foundation for bilateral relations.
• Non-Alignment: Shared commitment to non-alignment shaped early cooperation in international forums.
• Oil Dependence: Iraq was a crucial source of oil for India, impacting the country's energy security.
• Regional Stability: India recognizes Iraq's importance for West Asian stability and seeks to contribute to its peace and development.
• Economic Opportunities: India views Iraq as a potential market and a source of energy resources.

Challenges:

• Security Situation: Instability in Iraq, including the rise of ISIS, poses challenges to Indian interests.
• Geopolitical Dynamics: Regional rivalries and external influence can impact the trajectory of India-Iraq relations.

Looking Ahead:

Despite challenges, India-Iraq relations are poised for further growth, driven by shared interests in energy, security, and economic development. Strengthening this partnership holds significant potential for both countries and the wider region.